Interlinking the Hotspot Track in the Arctic and its Implications for Paleo-plate Reconstrution     

LIU Zhonglan  LI Jianghai  LIU Chiheng  LI Weibo  ZHANG Hongwei 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(3):822-831

The Siberian–Icelandic hotspot track is the only preserved continental hotspot track. Although the track and its associated age progression between 160 Ma and 60 Ma are not yet well understood, this section of the track is closely linked to the tectonic evolution of Amerasian Basin, the Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge and Baffin Bay. Using paleomagnetic data, volcanic structures and marine geophysical data, the paleogeography of Arctic plates (Eurasian plate, North American Plate, Greenland Plate and Alaska Microplate) was reconstructed and the Siberian–Icelandic hotspot track was interlinked between 160 Ma and 60 Ma. Our results suggested that the Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge could be a part of the hotspot track that formed between 160 Ma and 120 Ma. During this period, the hotspot controlled the tectonic evolution of Baffin Bay and the distribution of mafic rock in Greenland. Throughout the Mesozoic Era, the aforementioned Arctic plates experienced clockwise rotation and migrated northeast towards the North Pacific. The vertical influence from the ancient Icelandic mantle plume broke this balance, slowing down some plates and resulting in the opening of several ocean basins. This process controlled the tectonic evolution of the Arctic.  相似文献   

西藏多龙矿集区地堡那木岗铜(金)矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因          下载免费PDF全文

孙振明  李才  任云生  李兴奎  王勤 《地质找矿论丛》2017,32(2):219-226

地堡那木岗铜(金)矿床位于西藏多龙矿集区,探明储量达大型规模;矿床的成矿过程分为岩浆作用阶段、钾长石-硫化物阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段、碳酸盐-黄铁矿阶段和氧化作用阶段,其中石英-多金属硫化物阶段和碳酸盐-黄铁矿阶段为主要成矿阶段;为查明成矿流体特征,确定矿床成因类型,对取自深部矿石中的碳酸盐脉(均为碳酸盐-黄铁矿成矿阶段含黄铁矿黄铜矿石英脉)开展流体包裹体的岩相学观察和显微测温分析。分析结果表明,上述矿物中主要发育富液相、富气相和含子矿物三相包裹体。其中,富液相包裹体的均一温度与盐度分别为:t=80~600℃、w(NaCl,eq)=4.48%~18.79%;富气相包裹体的均一温度和盐度分别为:t=240~560℃、w(NaCl,eq)=5.09%~9.73%;含子矿物三相包裹体的均一温度与盐度分别为:t=240~560℃、w(NaCl,eq)=36%~72%。综合分析认为,地堡那木岗铜(金)矿床成矿流体发生了强烈的沸腾作用,流体沸腾作用是该矿床的重要成矿机制。通过与国内外典型斑岩型矿床与高硫化型浅成低温热液矿床的流体包裹体特征进行对比,其与斑岩型矿床的中高温、高盐度流体特征相似。因此,推测地堡那木岗矿床的成因类型为斑岩型铜(金)矿床。  相似文献   

东昆仑东段香加南山花岗岩基中加鲁河中基性岩体形成时代、成因及其地质意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈国超  裴先治  李瑞保  李佐臣  刘成军  陈有炘  裴磊  张永明  王盟  李小兵  张玉 《大地构造与成矿学》2017,41(6):1097-1115

东昆仑东段香加南山花岗岩基中加鲁河中基性岩体主要岩石类型包括角闪辉长岩和石英闪长岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示加鲁河中基性岩体的结晶年龄为220 Ma。岩体SiO_2含量较低,为47.91%~58.92%,Al_2O_3含量为15.54%~18.35%,Na2O为1.70%~3.34%,K_2O为0.58%~1.92%,Na_2O/K_2O比值为1.34~2.93,平均1.92,MgO含量为3.69%~8.24%,Mg~#为46~61,铝饱和指数A/CNK介于0.70~0.90之间,主体属于准铝质中钾钙碱性系列。岩体富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,具明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.40~0.59);微量元素富集Rb、Th、Ba等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)。岩石学和地球化学研究显示岩体在地壳深部和浅部经历了两次岩浆混合作用。在深部,幔源岩浆底侵作用使下地壳部分熔融形成长英质岩浆,两种岩浆不同比例混合,经过化学扩散均一化,从而具有相似的同位素特征和岩石地球化学特征。在地壳浅部,经深部混合的岩浆注入花岗质岩浆,岩浆边部同花岗岩完全混合形成加鲁河岩体中石英闪长岩,不完全混合则形成暗色微粒包体。对加鲁河中基性岩体研究表明,东昆仑东段在晚三叠世处于古特提斯演化的后碰撞阶段,在这一时期存在岩浆底侵事件。  相似文献   

黄河下游漫滩高含沙洪水滩槽界定及泥沙时空沉积特性          下载免费PDF全文

申冠卿  张原锋  张敏 《水科学进展》2017,28(5):641-651

黄河下游漫滩高含沙洪水河床调整剧烈,多数断面洪水后形成"相对窄深河槽",洪水前后河槽宽度发生明显变化。分别以观测断面洪水前后的河槽宽度为基准,计算漫滩高含沙洪水期泥沙时空沉积分布,结果表明,漫滩高含沙洪水与非漫滩高含沙洪水相比,能将主河槽内淤积泥沙量的59.3%搬运至嫩滩或滩地,减缓主河槽淤积。在分析研究基础上,建立了洪水后漫滩河段河槽相对缩窄率与洪水前期河槽宽度的量化关系,洪水后主槽宽度缩窄率为15.5%~44.0%;分析遴选了漫滩高含沙洪水滩地淤积量与主要水力因子间关联度及物理含义,给出了漫滩高含沙洪水滩地淤积量与相应水力因子间的响应函数;初步提出漫滩洪水河道塑槽淤滩的临界水沙配置指标,临界水沙系数取值为0.025~0.040。成果对高含沙洪水调控具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

山东省灵山岛下白垩统青山群火山地震软沉积物变形构造特征及成因机制^*          下载免费PDF全文

周瑶琪  周腾飞  张振凯  梁钊  梁文栋  王安东  于姗姗 《古地理学报》2017,19(4):567-582

近年来,针对山东省灵山岛地区软沉积物变形构造的研究呈现热潮,但研究层位主要集中于下白垩统莱阳群的浊积岩,对下白垩统青山群未见详述。利用野外露头与镜下薄片资料,详细描述了灵山岛地区下白垩统青山群的岩性特征、岩相组合、软沉积物变形构造类型与特征,指出研究区青山群软沉积物变形构造主要宿主岩层为陆相扇三角洲沉积,其沉积水体逐渐变浅,并伴随多次火山爆发。软沉积物变形构造类型主要有负载构造、球—枕构造、泄水构造、挤入构造、水塑性褶皱、塑性砂岩团块包卷构造、火山地震落石构造和“V”型地裂缝等,形成原因主要为火山爆发引起的古火山地震作用,成因机制主要分为地震波、火山碎屑物重力及惯性作用与瞬时差异气压效应3种,这与莱阳群浊积岩层位的软沉积物变形构造主要为滑塌与构造古地震机制不同。通过分析火山碎屑流堆积层位与软沉积物变形构造发育层位的关系,建立了青山群软沉积物变形构造的分布模式,即随着与火山口距离的变化,近源易见的脆性变形逐渐消失,中源以液化软沉积物变形与塑性变形为主体,远源呈现弱的液化软沉积物变形,且软沉积物变形构造的规模与距离呈负相关。  相似文献   

Geochemical characteristics of mud volcano fluids in the southern margin of the Junggar basin,NW China: implications for fluid origin and mud volcano formation mechanisms     

Zhifeng Wan  Xianqing Wang  Ye Lu  Yuefeng Sun  Bin Xia 《International Geology Review》2017,59(13):1723-1735

Mud volcanoes can provide important information about the underlying strata, hydrocarbon accumulation, and recent neotectonic movements in an area. The fluids erupting from mud volcanoes provide important information about their formation and evolution. The ion concentration and the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of the fluids that were erupted from the three mud volcano groups, Baiyanggou, Aiqigou, and Dushanzi, and nearby rivers in the southern margin of the Junggar basin, northwestern China, are studied. The concentrations of Na and Cl in mud volcano fluids are clearly elevated, displayed as the Na-Cl type. The δD and δ18O values of the fluids are similar between the Baiyanggou and Dushanzi mud volcanoes, which are mainly from ancient sedimentary pore water. However, the Aiqigou mud volcano is depleted in dissolved Cl and shows lower δ18O values with mixed sources, including deep pore and local meteoric water. Two types of mud volcanoes are proposed in this study. One type is low-energy mud volcanoes with a low volume of fluid of deep origin on the hillcrest, which display as mud pool/pie/hole. The other type is high-energy mud volcanoes having mixed fluid origin in the valley and formed in the shape of a mud cone (dome).  相似文献   

Subduction-related 200 Ma Talun metagranite,SE Taiwan: an age constraint for palaeo-Pacific plate subduction beneath South China Block during the Mesozoic   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. F. Yui  H. T. Chu  K. Suga  C. Y. Lan  S. H. Chung  K. L. Wang 《International Geology Review》2017,59(3):333-346

Various tectonic models have been proposed to account for the widely distributed igneous activities in the southeastern part of the South China Block (SCB) during the Triassic–Jurassic period. One of the major contending debates is on the timing of initiation of the palaeo-Pacific plate subduction under the SCB, due to lack of unequivocal evidence for arc magmatism during the period in this region.

The 191 ± 10 Ma (N = 5, MSWD = 12) calc-alkalic high-K I-type Talun metagranite occurs in the southern Tailuko belt of the Tananao metamorphic complex, Taiwan. In terms of age, this metagranite belongs to the Early Yanshanian igneous activity in the southeastern part of the SCB. However, its geographic position does not accord with the well-known general oceanward younging trend of the Yansnanian igneous rocks. In view of the large age uncertainty reported, this metagranite is redated in this study. Some zircons of this metagranite are high in U content and are metamict. Zircons with low U contents are analysed by SHRIMP yielding a more precise age of 200 ± 2 Ma (N = 10, MSWD = 4). In particular, the εHf(t) of these dated zircons ranges from +4.5 to +12.9. The metagranite mainly consists of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, with minor amounts of garnet, biotite, zircon, apatite, and pyrrhotite. Chlorite and calcite are secondary phases overprinted by the later tectonic event(s). Its initial Sr isotope compositional range is 0.70473–0.70588, and εNd(t), +2.4 to +3.6. The results demonstrate that the genesis of this metagranite could be attributed to the assimilation-fractionation of a depleted mantle-derived basaltic magma, which was most likely related to arc magmatism. The present study therefore offers key evidence that during the Mesozoic, the palaeo-Pacific plate subduction underneath the SCB would have taken place no later than the very early Jurassic.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘泾河油田长7-长8古流向及 沉积相分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

潘杰  刘忠群  蒲仁海  周思宾  范久霄  刘祎楠 《沉积学报》2017,35(1):124-138

对泾河油田三维地震前积反射、钻井取芯砂岩轻重矿物分离测试和砂体剖面结构对比,并结合前人研究结果认为,泾河油田长8-长7砂岩碎屑主要来自于西南部陇西古陆,部分来自于南部秦岭物源,不受北东物源影响。结合物源、岩芯特征和测井相分析结果认为,泾河油田整个长8₁自下而上是河流-三角洲-半深湖的水进沉积过程,发育3条北东向和1条南北向河道。长8₁2为滨浅湖相-三角洲-河流相沉积,发育（水下）分流河道砂岩;长8₁1储层为浅湖-半深湖背景中水进三角洲水下分流河道砂岩。长7₂为浊积砂岩储层,发育9个北东向浊积水道。  相似文献   

能源盆地沉积学及其前沿科学问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘池洋  赵红格  赵俊峰  吴柏林  黄雷  王建强  张东东  张少华 《沉积学报》2017,35(5):1032-1043

赋存油、气、煤和（或）铀能源矿产的沉积盆地,称为能源盆地。沉积作用及建造是影响油气煤铀同盆共存、成藏及分布的重要因素和物质基础。能源等沉积矿产及其形成,是沉积学的重要组成部分。通过讨论能源盆地沉积建造与油气煤铀赋存成藏及分布的内在联系,提出成煤建造在盆地演化和空间分布上,总体处于成油气建造和成铀建造的过渡、衔接部位和承前启后的演化阶段。并探讨了厚煤层的初始成煤物质来源与成因,蚀源区物源对盆地沉积建造、油气储层和铀成矿的重要影响。分析认为当前存在重先进技术观测测试,轻露头区精细剖析的倾向;对后期改造的影响程度和原盆古沉积面貌恢复的水平尚需重视和提高。能源盆地沉积学内涵的自然外延领域广阔,与之相关的前沿科学问题颇多。应将沉积学置于盆地形成演化和改造的时空过程中,兼顾地球环境和生物演变进程,进行整体、动态、综合研究。重点讨论了其中部分相关前沿科学问题,如:沉积盆地动力学、地球环境及生命演变对沉积和成矿作用的影响、有机与无机相互作用对能源矿产形成的影响、事件沉积学及深部作用与成矿作用的关联、能源矿产空间分区性及偏富极形成的沉积学环境、沉积建造和沉积矿产年代学等。  相似文献   

铀矿沉积学研究与发展     

吴柏林  孙斌  程相虎  张婉莹  刘明义  郝欣  刘池洋 《沉积学报》2017,35(5):1044-1053

随着铀矿床尤其是砂岩型铀矿勘探和开发的迅速发展,砂岩型铀矿沉积学的概念应运而生。铀矿沉积学是研究沉积盆地形成演化过程中铀的成矿作用、形成环境、含铀岩（层）系特征,以及沉积作用控制下铀的富集机理和分布规律的学科。它综合了铀矿地质学、盆地分析等学科的内容,具有较明显的学科交叉特点。砂岩型铀矿沉积学是铀矿沉积学最典型的代表,它以盆地分析、砂岩型铀矿地质学为重要理论平台,结合沉积学技术方法,具体研究砂岩型铀矿形成的物质来源、成岩作用与铀的预富集、沉积物的结构构造与渗透性、沉积体系与含铀岩系分析、流体作用与后期改造、层序地层与铀的空间分布、铀富集因素与沉积和古气候环境,沉积作用因素与砂岩型铀矿预测,以及管理信息化的三维可视化建模等。以新疆伊犁盆地、吐哈盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地北部等地区代表性砂岩铀矿为实例,从铀矿聚集与沉积物形成—演化过程、沉积物特征及沉积体系分析与铀矿聚集、层序地层学与铀聚集作用等方面分析了铀矿沉积学研究的最新进展和认识。同时对铀矿沉积学的发展趋势进行了展望:认为砂岩铀矿“大规模成矿作用”和铀的“超常富集”关键地质环境、含铀岩系沉积与铀的空间分布、多种高新分析测试技术的应用等方面将是铀矿沉积学未来研究和发展的重点。由于铀矿沉积学与人类生存环境关系的重要性,并且其涉及沉积学学科的方方面面,因此有理由相信,铀矿沉积学未来可能作为沉积学的一个独立分支学科将得到更好的研究和发展。  相似文献